Risk And Resilience And Factors Example

Hazard And Resilience And Factors Example Hazard And Resilience And Factors †Coursework Example Hazard and Resilience in the event that, one Specialist Ramirez has a solid social emotionally supportive network. This is a flexible factor since it offers love, companionship and a motivator for the veteran to endure the brutal states of war. These incorporate the sendoff party before joining the military, the solid security with his battle group which kept him alive, and the warm invite he got on getting back after the war. Without the solid emotionally supportive network, he would have been helpless to the couple of hazard factors that may have influenced his mental wellbeing, for example, seeing the rough passing of two of his friends. As per Kaylor et al., (1987), â€Å"exposure to battle, including being terminated on and seeing the demise of individual unit individuals, is the stressor that has overwhelmed military veteran examination, with suggestions for both intense and ceaseless pressure responses. On the off chance that two, the main flexible factor was the directing Sp ecialist Johnson got during his organization after he went to recover the consumed stays of a little youngster. It helped him adapt the horrendous experience. In any case, the glaring danger factor he confronted was the nonappearance of any social emotionally supportive network from loved ones. The disasters saw in his life before his sending, for example, confronting the typhoon Katrina and his parents’ separate from left him distanced. Moreover, the consistent analysis from the Major and nonappearance of any warm greeting from his family made him defenseless against stress. Taking everything into account, the veteran in the event that two has a more serious danger of building up a battle related mental issue. This is a direct result of the nonattendance of a solid social emotionally supportive network that may have filled in as an outlet for his repressed feelings emerging from his dealing with the consumed stays of the casualty during the war. As indicated by McCarroll, Ur sano, and Fullerton (1995) and Sutker, Uddo, Brailey, Vasterling, and Errera (1994) â€Å"Prior research with veterans of the 1990â€1991 Gulf War, additionally, has demonstrated that the treatment of human remains was particularly disturbing.† ReferencesKaylor, J., King, D. and King, L. (1987) Psychological impacts of military assistance in Vietnam: a Meta investigation Psychological Bulletin, 102, 257-271McCarroll, J., Ursano, R., Fullerton, C. (1993). Indications of PTSD following recuperation of war dead: 13-multi month development. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 939-941.Sutker, P. B., Uddo, M., Brailey, K., Vasterling, J. J. and Errera, P. (1994) Psychopathology in combat area conveyed and nondeployed Operation Desert Storm troops doled out graves enlistment obligations. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology and Social Psychology, 103(2), 4-12. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.103.2.383

1987 Nobel Prize in Physics

1987 Nobel Prize in Physics The 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics went to German physicist J. Georg Bednorz and Swiss physicist K. Alexander Muller for revelation that specific classes of earthenware production could be planned that had successfully no electrical opposition, implying that there were clay materials that could be utilized as superconductors. The key part of these earthenware production is that they spoke to the top notch of high-temperature superconductors and their revelation effectsly affected the sorts of materials that could be utilized inside refined electronic gadgets Or on the other hand, in the expressions of the official Nobel Prize declaration, the two specialists got the honor for their significant advancement in the revelation of superconductivity in artistic materials. The Science These physicists were not the first to find superconductivity, which had been recognized in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes while looking into mercury. Basically, as mercury was diminished in temperature, there was a point where it appeared to lose all electrical opposition, implying that electrical flow tally course through it unrestricted, making a supercurrent. This is being a superconductor. Nonetheless, the mercury just showed the superconducting properties at low degrees close to supreme zero, around 4 degrees Kelvin. Later research during the 1970s identified materials that displayed superconducting properties at around 13 degrees Kelvin. Bednorz and Muller were cooperating to explore the conductive properties of earthenware production at an IBM inquire about research center close to Zurich, Switzerland, in 1986, when they found the superconducting properties in these pottery at temperatures of around 35 degrees Kelvin. The material utilized by Bednorz and Muller was a compound of lanthanum and copper oxide that was doped with barium. These high-temperature superconductors were affirmed rapidly by different analysts, and they were granted the Nobel Prize in Physics the next year. The entirety of the high-temperature superconductors are known as a Type II superconductor, and one of the impacts of this is the point at which they have a solid attractive field applied, they will display just a partial Meissner effectâ that separates in a high attractive field, on the grounds that at a specific force of attractive field the superconductivity of the material is devastated by electrical vortices that structure inside the material. J. Georg Bednorz Johannes Georg Bednorz was conceived on May 16, 1950, in Neuenkirchen, in North-Rhine Westphalia in the Federal Republic of Germany (known to those of us in America as West Germany). His family had been dislodged and separated during World War II, yet they had rejoined in 1949 and he was a late expansion to the family. He went to the University of Munster in 1968, at first considering science and afterward progressing into the field of mineralogy, explicitly crystallography, finding the blend of science and material science more just as he would prefer. He worked at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory throughout the mid year of 1972, which is the point at which he initially started working with Dr. Muller, leader of the material science office. He started chip away at his Ph.D. in 1977 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich, with chiefs Prof. Heini Granicher and Alex Muller. He formally joined the staff of IBM in 1982, 10 years after he spent the late spring working there as an understudy. He started taking a shot at the quest for a high-temperature superconductor with Dr. Muller in 1983, and they effectively recognized their objective in 1986. K. Alexander Muller Karl Alexander Muller was conceived April 20, 1927, in Basel, Switzerland. He spent World War II in Schiers, Switzerland, going to the Evangelical College, finishing his baccalaureate degree in seven years, beginning at age 11 when his mom passed on. He lined this up with military preparing in the Swiss armed force and afterward progressed to Zurichs Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Among his educators was prestigious physicist Wolfgang Pauli. He graduated in 1958, working then at the Battelle Memorial Institute in Geneva, at that point a Lecturer at the University of Zurich, and afterward at long last finding an occupation at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in 1963. He led a scope of research there, including filling in as a guide to Dr. Bednorz and teaming up on the examination to find high-temperature superconductors, which brought about the granting of this Nobel Prize in Physics.

Deep Breath

Deep Breath Today is Veterans Day, a federal holiday honoring military veterans. So Id like to begin by giving a shoutout to my grandfather, who, in addition to being a WWII vet, was also ordained as a nondenominational minister 50 years ago today. He is responsible for much of whatever good there is in me. I remember when I told him last year that Id gotten really choked up at CPW when I met some students Id worked with at MITES. A big tear welled up in his eye, and he said: you know, thats whats great about you Chris. Youre just a bit soft. Just the right amount of soft. Love you, Papa. Many people have today off for school or work in honor of Veterans Day, including at MIT. However, Ill be spending today doing what Ill be doing for the next several months, which is reading all of your applications. Because Ill be buried with that, I wont be posting quite so much. But I did want to take a moment to talk about where weve all been, where we all are, and where we are going. Over the past month Ive tried to unpack for you some of our operating ideas about holistic admissions and diversity and merit. Ive discussed data and how to understand its validity. All of these posts have been attempts to shine some light on what is too often a dimly understood process and, to the extent possible, explain how and why we do the work we do. But now our Early Action applicants have all applied, and our Regular Action applicants are about to. So what do we do next? Once your applications are complete and all material received, your application goes to a senior admissions officer, someone with extensive experience and knowledge, who will evaluate your application in its proper context. Strong applications will then be sent to additional admissions readers (like me) who will really dig deeply into the application and prepare a summary almost like a legal brief for the committee. These briefs, along with your entire application, will then be presented to the selection commitee. Multiple rounds of these committees then whittle the class down into its final shape. By the time an applicant is admitted, easily more than a dozen people will have debated and discussed their application. The effect is that, just like our government has a system of checks and balances, so does our admissions committee. The process is long and arduous. Its lots of nights and weekends of work. But at the end, the final class will be a product of all of these different levels of committee and expertise all agreeing that each admitted student is an indispensable member of the class. Thats what Ill be doing from now until April. But what will you be doing? Sometimes I get worried calls or emails from students (or their parents) during senior year, asking what they (or their child) should be doing as the college application process plays out. The first answer, of course, is to keep on keeping on. Keep doing well in classes, keep making your teachers love you, keep inventing and creating, keep writing, and doing all the of the things that you love to do. You dont need to do anything beyond that. But also remember to make or keep time for yourself and your friends. Senior year goes by really quickly. In a few short months, you will be graduating, and soon after that you will be leaving your friends and family for the next phase of your life. This is not a reason to be sad. It is a reason to be glad. You have the opportunity to go out and get a college education at a school of your choosing. Thats amazing. But please, dont get caught in the rat race of doing things just to do them, or to further burnish your resume, or because you think it looks good. This is not the time for that. Maintain, yes. But take the time to make those memories that you will have for the rest of your life. Most of you will have spent most of your lives in your current communities. A lot of people have helped you become as awesome as you are. Thank them. Appreciate them. And enjoy yourself. Be in touch.

Careers in Psychology Essay - 1136 Words

Career goals in Psychology Lynda Reyes PSY 215 Careers in Psychology I want to be a psychologist. I would love to learn all about the way people act, think and feel and at the same time try to help them. I have a very easygoing personality and I love to have fun and laugh. I ask a lot of questions, and I think I am very easy to get along with. Some career goals I have is to finish college, I would like to find a job I want to keep that I could make a career out of, and just take it one day at a time because I have desire to make the right decisions and live a pleasant life. I first became interested in psychology a couple years ago. I feel like I need to try and help make a difference, and thats what I would like to spend the rest†¦show more content†¦Are also matters that are handled from someone working in the forensics of psychology. Becoming a successful forensic psychologist requires at least the solid clinical psychology training and experience. Firm grounding in scientific theory and empirical research â€Å"understanding of scientific validity, research design, statistics, and testing† critical thinking skills thorough knowledge of social and cultural issues legal knowledge â€Å"including mental health law, case law, and courtroom procedures† excellent writing skills strong oral presentation skills and the ability to maintain ones composure under stress. Forensic Psychologists apply psychology to criminal justice. Although similar in some aspects, forensic psychology is different than forensic science. Salary is approximately $45,000 at the lower end of the education and experience and as high as $77,000. Salaries vary widely depending on the type of workplace with nonprofit organizations paying the lower salaries and with state and local governments paying the highest annual amounts. Forensic psychology are experiencing rapid growth in a number of settings. Jobs are available with child welfare agencies, state forensic units, mental health facilities, and community mental health agencies. There is also a opportunity of operating as a private practice providing psychotherapy or as a consultant. Government agencies offerShow MoreRelatedExpository Essay : Career And Psychology865 Words   |  4 Pages Expository Essay Remembering back we had just come out of the 1950’s with straight lace kids to a world of kids who thought something was wrong with America, rock ‘ n roll, rebellion. Those were turbulent times for families with gangs and turf wars. Parents would lead and guide their kids into careers particularly the medical field as doctors, nurses or lawyers. In some way those were simple times back then, guiding them andRead MoreEssay on Choosing Psychology as a Career1558 Words   |  7 Pages Psychology is the study of the mind, its biology, and behavior if the individual. 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Self-Analysis Essay - 633 Words

Self-Analysis Essay Joe Schmoe I’d like to begin by saying that the informative speech I gave was better than the how-to speech in that I was much more relaxed, prepared and organized this time. So I do think I am improving from speech to speech. Also, while preparing for my informative speech, I learned more about my topic from doing further research, which is great. I realized that you can learn so much, however, that it is sometimes difficult to put it all into a five to eight minute speech. Because of this, I’ve really learned the importance of good organization. Although I saw some improvements in my most recent speech, there are still several areas that I could improve on in my speech giving, including my delivery in my†¦show more content†¦The third area that I need to improve on — one that is related to my nervousness — is my rate of speech. I am always so nervous at the beginning that I start out talking way too fast and I am not sure that people catch what I am trying to say. The more nervous I am, the faster I tend to talk. At times, I just need to remember to stop and breathe. As I give more speeches and look for opportunities to practice, my confidence will increase, my nervousness will decrease, and my rate of speech will slow down. In the meantime, I plan to make delivery cue notes on my speaking outline that will remind me to pause and to slow down throughout my speech. The final problem that I need to address is my transitions. I highlighted the connective sentences on the notecards for the informative speech and felt I used them better this time, but they could still use some work. I plan to reword these, keeping in mind the â€Å"Review/Preview† technique discussed in class, to help the speech flow more smoothly. If I make these adjustments, I’m confident that I will deliver a better Informative Re-Do speech than my original Informative Speech. 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Imperialism Debate Essay Free Essays

The dominance came every now and then by force of arms, but frequently It occurred because of trade and businesses. At this point, It allowed Imperial powers to the influence the selected civilization. While the Imperials ruled, they usually ‘robbed’ the land of Its resources with little payback. We will write a custom essay sample on Imperialism Debate Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These schemes obviously allowed for the imperial powers to gain a large profit and gain dominance. Imperialism was an effective and successful way for civilized countries to gain control over an indigenous countries. So, America should not become an imperial power. Core Democratic Value: Liberty Liberty is the one of the core values of American Constitutional Democracy. But this Liberty should include personal, political, economic freedom of not only American but also all nations. Imperialism based on ideas of superiority and nationalism robbed liberty of the subject country and their human rights In order to gain political, economic, and military benefits. For example, by the late sass, Americans wanted to annex Hall because of Its abundant natural resources and cultivatable lands. America, therefore, began a program of Imperialism In Hawaii and forced political and economic change. Queen Alkalinity wanted to end America’s influence over Hawaii and created a new constitution. However, the United States denied it, soon took over the government office at Hawaii, and established complete control over Hawaii. American imperialism robbed economic and political freedom of Hawaii. Data: ‘If a strong people try to govern a weak one against its will, the home government will get despotic, too. You cannot maintain despotism in Asia and a republic In America. If you try to deprive even a savage or a barbarian of his Just rights you can never do It without becoming a savage or a barbarian yourself. ‘ ? Senator George F. Hoar under the pretext of spreading democracy and a Western value system, America’s military intervene causes our endless warfare and the sacrifice of young military people. Ongoing Afghanistan civil war could be a good example. Prior Knowledge: Japanese imperialism robbed the liberty of Koreans. From 1910 to 1945, Japan occupied Korea. They forced the Koreans into Japanese culture under the pretext of civilizing the Koreans. Japanese language was taught In schools, and Japanese also forced the Koreans to change of their name in Japanese. Japan tried to destroy all records of histories of Korea and force the people with the conditionals pride to convert to Japanese ways of thinking. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were forced to work In Japanese factories and conscripted Into the armed forces, women were forced into â€Å"comfort stations† which is military brothels. While military power. As a result, imperialism deprived Koreans human rights, destroyed cultural factors, caused economic exhaustion, and lost natural resources. Counter Argument: Colonial officials, doctors, and missionaries strongly believed that all races could be improved and uplifted by introducing Christianity, and they lived that it’s their duty to conquer other nations to spread the religion, but it is opposed to the concept of individual freedom and freedom of religion. The dominating country thinks that their beliefs and laws are superior to the subjected nation. In fact, Imperialism civilizes and modernizes the underdeveloped country for the dominating country to gain economic benefits. If the dominate country uses the nationalistic or cultural factors to take control, there is a chance where the customs and the way of living of the domains will be lost. Conclusion: An average imperialist believed that imperial expansion was necessary for the arrival of their countries. Countries exercise great authority over large and varied territories populated by diversity of ethnic groups, cultures, and religions. Countries which exercise imperial power use a broad range of tools and incentives to maintain the dominance: political persuasive, economic advantages and cultural influences where possible, sometimes using force. But imperialism based on ideas of superiority and nationalism robbed liberty of the subject country and their human rights in order to gain political, economic, and military benefits. The reasons mentioned above are why America should not become imperial power. How to cite Imperialism Debate Essay, Papers

Medicine and Health Clifford

Question: Discuss about the role in medicine dispensing and advice providing on the use of the medicines. Answer: Clifford et al. (2010) stated that community pharmacy has an important role in medicine dispensing and advice providing on the use of the medicines, promoting good health along with supporting the prevention agenda. The community pharmacy helps those people in their wellbeing and self care who has undergone any major operation. Being a part of the integral models of local care, the community pharmacy has to serve a greater purpose of the present condition of the health of society. The roles of the medicine community involves the optimization of the medication usage, supporting the people with long term medical treatment as well as with minor illness and injuries and overall promoting a good health and prevention of ill-health. Integrating with wider healthcare and social system in order to relieve the pressure on accident and emergency departments is the goal of the community pharmacy. Reduced funding has become an issue that is putting a challenge to the care service of the communit y pharmacy. In 2015 to 2016, NHS funded a remuneration funding of 2.8 billion for the community pharmacy. An amount of 2.8 from that is utilized for the allowances, 2 is utilized as fees and for the reimbursement of drug, 800 m was used. However, a declaration of saving 22 billion was made by the NHS and the importance of the role of community pharmacy can be understood based on this context. Since 2003, an increment in the number of pharmacies occurred by 20%. The decreased efficiency of community pharmacies is not acceptable by government in spite of cutting their fund. But the efficiencies of the community pharmacies are not going to decrease because of the well maintenance of patient access in the pharmacies. The pharmacies that are funded by NHS are able to qualify a higher amount of fees without considering the service provided by them. The maximum numbers of community pharmacies do not have an effective and efficient dispensing arrangement and the service and quality of care are also not up to the mark. Community pharmacy has an infrastructure that is not well enough to adjust with low funding and new circumstances. That is why it is not easy for them to maintain or provide a quality service. Sir David Nicholson, the Chief Executive of NHS, focuses on lowering the fund of community pharmacy maintaining the same level of quality service. The Chief Executive addressed this as his new challenge. After his retirement, Simon Stevens took the position and adapted the same policy that is reducing the fund without affecting the service quality. Therefore, the same question arises again that if it is possible to maintain the quality in spite of a low funding. As the cut of the funding is significant, it is not easy to maintain the quality. As per NHS, the Chief Executive has declared to cut down an amount of 170 million from the annual funding and this statement of Sir Nicholson had an immense reaction on the press and on the common people. According to the mailOnline, a cut of 170 million will cause the termination of one fourth of the chemists which will result into an increasing pressure on the AEs. It has been stated in the pharmaceutical journal that due to the cuts in the annual fund by the government, the pharmaceutical community will be facing a huge trouble. The community pharmacy has asked for support to the public and different social media to protest against this. They also planned to visit the local decision makers including the MPs, the groups of patients and local press for support. The reduction in the funding should be 2.8 to 2.36 billion that is more than 6% in terms of cash. In order to support the community pharmacy in such situation, PSNC has agreed to discuss NHS and DH as they could not be able to provide some particular proposals. The community pharmacy took several steps to adjust with the situation like, optimization in of the medicines, supporting the people with long term conditions, treatment of minor illness of injury, prevention of ill health and promotion of good health. Besides these, the pharmacies are also planning to reduce the budget of the pharmacy care packages that are offered by them, which can be helpful to maintain their sustainability. For providing the care facilities in a better way, the community pharmacy took many steps and those got very much appreciation from the common people. The steps include support for medicine optimization, implementing the MUR type conversation and interventions of NMS type. In order to reduce the medicine wastage, the pharmacies started the synchronization of the medicines of the patients. In order to indicate the effect of pharmacy intervention, community pharmacy is using Patient Activation Measures and adherence scores along with educating the patient about the right usage of medications. Enhanced community pharmacy care package is one new package that is implemented by the community pharmacy for the wellbeing of the patients which were appreciated by the patients as well as by their care givers. The community pharmacy has always attempted to provide its best services to the patients. The current news says that the funding that is cut by the government is more than 6% of the annual funding of community pharmacy. The community pharmacy has been put into a very complicated position due this announcement, which states that the annual funding of 170 million is going to be cut by the government from their annual funding. The community pharmacy has received help from the PSNC and then found several steps that can be helpful for the community pharmacy to serve the patient without any compromise in the quality. On the other side, it was evidenced that the press, the newspaper along with the common people are raising voice against the fund reduction by the government and it is a positive sign for the community pharmacy. In England the Nation Health Services is a healthcare system that is funded publicly. NHS is primarily funded by the general system of taxation and the health providers of all the residents of UK. According to the report of 2009, it has been noted that there are 10475 number of community pharmacies in England. In the year 2010 to 2011 a 2.49 billion pounds were funded to the community pharmacies. Out of this amount, they made a profit of 0.5 billion pound as per the Health Department. Services like health promotion, medicine disposal, dispensing, advices related to lifestyle, support for self care and other health related services are provided by the Community services. For the improvement and sustainability of patient services, the pharmacy needs to take up actions and they are providing some advanced services to the patients. The present writing is to advise advice the general director of NHS about the aspects of adverse situation of funding and the importance of the pharmacies in the community that will direct to the path to mobilize the pharmacies. In England, there is a rise in the number of pharmacies to 11,600 in 2015 and every year there are one billion prescriptions in those pharmacies. 48% of the pharmacies are chain retailers who have store of 100 and above. Among the others, 39% of the pharmacies are independent and rest 13 % pharmacies are chain retailers and the numbers of their stores are ranging from 6 to 99. The recent report states that the ministry will reduce the funding of the pharmacies in order to reduce their number. For the majority of their income, the pharmacies rely and depend on the NHS. A cut of 170 pounds has been decided to be done for the stores of high street in the October of 2016. This is a short sighted decision and is potential for depriving a large number of those patients, who have a need of the trusted healthcare services. However, according to the government, there are a number of pharmacies that has grown in an inappropriate manner and there are no additional benefits of having such a larg e number of pharmacies. It has been decided that along with the reduction in budget the closing of about two thousand pharmacies will be done in this year. The development of NHS is a very important aspect of the United Kingdom and the concerned authority is paying attention to address and identify the issues that are related to the recent scenario of healthcare. Recommendation is needed from the government for NHS to mobilize the community pharmacies. First of all the aspect that is needed to be considered is that the pharmacy must be approved by the NHS and the main potential for a better utilization of community pharmacy is strengthening a healthy life and disease prevention. For promoting the good pharmacy practices there should be a service in the community pharmacy that is clinically focused. The pressure on the emergency departments and general physician is released due to the community pharmacies. It also ensures a better patient outcome as well as an optimum use of medicines. It can be an ideal way to deliver seven-day healthcare. Assigning the clinical pharmacists in the practices of general physician can be a very good approach to promote the pharmacies and the pharmacists in the short-term. Prior to this the pharmacies must be brought together to the wide primary care. The pharmacists apply their skills for the more general practices and they must use the scopes for the protection and improvement of the health of common people along with an alignment of the emerging patient care model. A discussion should take place about the fact transforming the community pharmacies that operates in NHS to bring the distinct and clear public benefits by means of the best funding. Community pharmacies should play its essential role to deliver the support and efficiencies that are needed by the government for the required productivity and efficiency. The NHS must assure that community pharmacies, on which a number of people depend on, have to sustain. The NHS should allocate more funds for certain pharmacies and must consider the factors that are related to the health needs of the people and the community location. To drive the innovative models appropriately for making the orders of prescriptions and collection of the medicines disposed of. All the pharmacies should have the access to the hub and spoke dispensing efficiency. The changes in legislation will reduce the cost of operation and will provide more clinical and public health services. The opinions and views of pharmacy sectors are also considered for the innovative arrangement that supports the efficiency and patient services. The service quality can remain the same with enhanced effectiveness. There s hould not be too many pharmacies in one place, so that they can get focused by the people of that particular locality and there should be access for all communities. For maintaining both public access and the pursuing efficiencies, the advanced, automated large scale dispensing arrangements can be implemented. The government indication says that the budget is going to be reduced for the pharmacies and this reduction will occur from 2016. The community pharmacies has a desire to work along with each other for the delivery of a good healthcare to them and it is also important for them to have a good access to the pharmaceutical services by the means of online service or local community pharmacies. This will enhance the present practices of pharmacy to transform into a more clinically focused community pharmacy. With an integrated primary care the pharmacists will have a better role to play across the NHS. The entire process of improving and protecting peoples health will design the role of community pharmacies in NHS. However the priority will always remain the same that is to give benefit to the public.

French Revolution Essay Example Essay Example

French Revolution Essay Example Paper French Revolution Essay Introduction Do you agree with the idea that French revolution ushered in an era of a new political cultural explicate. Keith baker defines the term revolution as ‘a transformation of discursive practice of the community, a moment in which social relations are reconstituted and the discourse defining the political relations between individuals and group of radically recast. ’(3) According to Albert soboul, the French revolution is situated in the very heart of the history of the contemporary world. A classic bourgeois revolution, it represented- by the uncompromising abolition of feudalism and the seigniorial regime- the starting point for the capitalist society and a liberal representative system in the history of France. Gary Kate has divided the recent historians of the French revolution into Marxist on the left, ‘neo conservatives’ on the right and ‘neo liberal’ in the centre. Marxist endorses the entire revolution . neo liberals supports the early, less violent stages of the revolution and neo conservatives deploring it together. The Marxist interpretation on the French revolution can be summarized in the following manner: it was not simply a political struggle from (evil) absolute monarchy to (good) democratic republicanism but represented a deeper shift from feudalism to capitalism. The revolution was led by an alliance between a bourgeois elite and popular class, against the landowning nobility. Liberals or Whigs believes that French revolution was important to move the French and the European from a pre modern to a modern society. This fraction has been paralysed because of inter conflict. French Revolution Essay Body Paragraphs The virtues of revolutionary change were the declaration of the right of man and citizens, abolition of feudalism, reorganisation of judiciary and administration. Neo conservatives projected the whole idea of revolutionary change as illiberal. The neo conservative thinkers have their own pet history of the French revolution. Jacob talmon says that the French state became a totalitarian democracy during terror. The history given by the Talmon was attacked by the liberal historians(7). Talmon and Furet’s history has much in common. Both of them see a direct line from Rousseau though Sieyes to Robespierre. Both of them see the terror an essence of the revolution. Neo liberal historians argue that the revolution was primarily not a failure. They say that the revolutionaries destroyed the ancien regime and restructured the society that made the 19th century liberal state possible. According to them class should be defined not by political interests but by profession and social inte rests. Alphonse aulard was awarded the first chair of the history of the French revolution at the Sorbonne. According to aulard the abuses of the monarchy was responsible and justifiable for the violent uprising of the 1789. The constitution of the 1719, according to aulard provided the monarchy with too much power. The revolution reached halfway because of people like Danton and other activists in Paris. Aulard says that it was their efforts which led to insurrection of 10th august 1792 and the declaration of France’s first democratic republic based on universal make suffrage. It was the peak point of the revolution according to aulard. After the World War 1, another historian Albert matheiz, a student of aulard, gave his theory on the French revolution. He says that Danton was a corrupt bourgeois politician. He was in favour of Robespierre. He argues that the life of most Parisians was improved during the time of terror. Robespierre was not a dictator according to matheiz. He was the democratic politician who was working according to the demands of the workers. He also founded a society by the name of society of Robespierrist studies; this society also published their own scholarly journal, annales. He also links the Bolshevik revolution to the French revolution. George Lefebvre (1874-1959), albert soboul (1914-1982) and Michel vovelle(b. 1933) were hugely inspired by the writings of albert matheiz. Crane brinton, a Harvard historian says that the revolution was constructed by ‘moderates ‘who fought the forces of the ancient regimes and constructed a government based on noble virtues of liberty and equality. He say that the Jacobins contained of rich and poor on the basis of tax records recording and they were bond together because of ‘a philosophy, an ideology, a faith and a loyalty. Alfred cobban brings in a view which was different then that of Marxist historians. He is doubtful about the fact that the revolution was led by a risi ng bourgeoisie. He also says that only 13% of the population that was involved in the revolution was of the merchant class or financier class. The leaders of the revolution came from the local, petty public officials and the likes, the people who had no connection with the regime. According to cobban the revolution was social in nature. Francois Furet wrote an article denouncing what he called the revolutionary catechism by which Marxist historians explained the revolution. He presented a sophisticated theory of the revolution’s origins and character. By depriving the old corporate structure of the society of their power, according to this theory, the crown induced its subject to grant moral authority to the ‘men of letters’ he completed the analysis of the revolutions origins by describing the channels by which the new revolutionary ideology came to permeate French society. Furet says that the ideas of enlightened scholars such as jean-Jacques Rousseau were the nucleus of the revolution. Furet writes that, the revolution embraced a radical ideology of popular sovereignty so that any abuse of power could be excluded so long as it was achieved in the name of the people. (1) Roger Chartier calls for an ‘enlargement of perspective’ that included the analysis of other practices. It’s not sufficient to study ideology and instead he calls for ‘an approach in the terms of cultural sociology. ’ He expands the field of investigation by adapting the insights from Jurgen Habermas. He do not believe that the forms of intellectual sociability or the institution of public sphere themselves produced democratic or radical ideas. (4) According to baker, the revolution’s free fall into rousseauian democracy was not the product of 1792-3, when the nation was at war, but was the result of deliberate decisions made by the national assembly as early as the summer of 1789. According to baker the terror occurred not only bec ause of what happened in 1792 or 1793, but because of the way in which political power and violence had been reconceptualized in 1789(6). For baker the relationship between ideas and events is not as straight forward as often suggested. Baker always criticises the historians for treating the ideas as they were capable of influencing actions. According to him the perceived influence of ideas on events is an illusion. He says that the proper object of the intellectual history is therefore the way in which people have used particular kind of statements to make particular claims. These ways of instruments, of making claims baker calls ‘discourse’. (2) One of the recent significant trends of the French revolution is of the women’s and gender history. Joan Scott believes that feminists beginning with Olympe De Gouges have been handicapped by the political terms that defined liberation as the right of ‘man’. She challenged the exclusion of woman from the ri ght of man, she argued on the basis of features of that woman alone possessed or was though to possess. Scott observed that citizens were seen as an active, free, rational and concerned with public good, attributes typically associated with men, while woman were defined preoccupied with private or domestic concerns and also emotional and dependent. It was American feminists because of whom history started taking into account the fate of women in history in the year 1979; three American feminists published a collection of documents discussing the women in the French revolution. The new research made us realize that woman also paid a huge role in the French revolution. Benefiting from the advances made in other fields, historians have become interested in how the revolutionaries refashioned the gender role for both man and woman and how ideas regarding manhood and womanhood influenced the way revolutionary statesman conceived of the new regime(8). Lynn hunt is one the best feminist hi storian that one could think of in this regard. In her study she explores why the Jacobins replaced Marianne with Hercules as the anthropomorphic symbol of French nation. Revisionist and the new feminist scholar’s shares two essential attitudes about the revolution: both groups think that the revolution marked one step backward in the woman’s right and both gave credence to the ideas of Rousseau- it was his idea that gave rise to the new notion of female domesticity(9). Religion and revolution is also a part of this debate. One of the major historians in this regard is Dale Van Kley. In his article, ‘church state and the ideological origins of the French revolution: the debate over the general assembly of the gallican clergy in 1765’, he argues that many of the political ideas that would characterize the revolutionary and the post revolutionary period developed in the pre-revolutionary disputes between believing Catholics over the proper organization of th e French church. His interpretation of the religious roots of the revolutionary and the post revolutionary political thought emphasizes continuities. Another historian Mona Ozous explains the phenomena of revolutionary festivals. She says that the revolutionaries after attacking the traditional catholic worship as ‘fanatical and supportive of tyranny, understood the need to replace the old form of religious life with new doctrine and symbols and above all rituals. She believes that the revolutionary festivals provide the sense of scared that Catholicism had previously furnished. She emphasizes that the revolutionary festivals manifested the sense of inauguration and beginning (5). She says in the rituals of the new festival people found a conviction that the humanity was moving from a unhappy past to an entirely new period of history. She also considers Freud in her analysis of the revolutionary festivals. Freud understood festivals as moment of transgression. Points at which the normal rules governing social behaviour were violated. Freud has been criticized by Ozous. END NOTES: 1) Conceptualizing the French revolution: problems and methods. Page number 3. 2) Conceptualizing the French revolution: problems and methods. Page number 10. ) Conceptualizing the French revolution: problems and methods. Page number 13. 4) Conceptualizing the French revolution: problems and methods. Page number 15. 5) Conceptualizing the French revolution: problems and methods. Page number 20. 6) The French revolution: introduction by Gary Kates. Page number 8. 7) The French revolution: introduction by Gary Kates. Page number 10. 8) The French revolution: introduction by Gary Kates. Page number 13. 9) French revolution: introduction by Gary Kates. Page number 15. Dimple Bhati 279 History hons 3rd year b We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Essays

Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Essays Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Paper Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Paper Andok’s Lechon Manok is one of the longest and most popular joint poulet in our state. This company was started by the so called male parent of â€Å"Litson Manok. † Leonardo â€Å"Sandy† Javier Jr. twenty old ages ago. He said that he encountered legion letdowns and battles in prolonging their concern particularly when they have a batch of rivals like Baliwag but he did non give up. He made his concern his passion and was really determined to be successful. When he was still get downing. he did non hold the capital to get down a concern. He was forced to borrow twelve poulets from his mother’s friend. Unfortunately. he merely sold two poulets. His battles in life inspired him to endeavor harder and to be a better enterpriser. He experimented with the different ingredients to capture what we know today as the hallmark Andok’s gustatory sensation. Before. he started with 12 poulets until it boosted its day-to-day stock list to eighty poulets. His concern started germinating because he said that he loves what he is making and he believes so much in his concern. Up to day of the month. Javier continues to turn Andok’s with its bill of fare spread outing to include liempo. porc chop. sinigang. etc. Andok’s besides opened its doors to franchising. Because of their efficient and systematic franchise support. an â€Å"AA† criterion for Good Fabrication Practices ( GMP ) has been obtained by their Metro Manila commissary and nominative â€Å"AAA† criterion GMP for Iloilo commissary. For the consumer’s better entree. Andok’s were strategically located in topographic points where it is seeable and accessible from major thoroughfares ; rider terminuss of public public-service corporation vehicles ; community centres or promenades ; near markets ; commercial/ concern territory ; and countries with high pes and vehicle traffic. To keep the quality of the nutrient being served. all stocks and ingredients will be supplied from the Andok’s production installation pre-portioned. marinated and ready-to-cook. Take-out franchise shops will be equipped with the standard rotisserie machine with goon and chromium steel steel chimney. stove. siopao soft-shell clam. cooking tabular array. Dokito frier. hair-raiser boxes. deep-freezes and other equipment. Here is the list of awards garnered by Andok’s through the old ages of service: 1999â€Å"GAWAD NEGOSYANTENG PINOY† Most Outstanding Food Retailer Operator given by NEGO-PILIPINO FOUNDATION. INC. and MORNINGS @ GMA 7 2002 DANGAL NG PILIPINAS BEST SELLING LITSON MANOK â€Å"CONSUMER’S CHOICE ANNUAL AWARDS† Given by Organization For Peace and Progress Oriented Group. Inc. 2005PRODUCT A ; SERVICE EXCELLENCE AWARDEE â€Å"BEST FAMILY-ORIENTED LITSON MANOK BRAND† PARANGAL SA PAMILYANG PILIPINO In decision. Andok’s has been runing efficaciously for over 25 old ages. Although a roasted poulet concern meets a figure of challengers in the market. Andok’s has made its base to be one of the most successful trade name of litson manok in the state. Despite holding a batch of rivals. they try to introduce their merchandises. add different merchandises. and at the same clip spread out their company. They were able to get the better of the battles that they faced and be successful in their concern.

An Evolving Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Evolving Industry - Essay Example The following image shows the nude picture of the hot Bollywood actor, Neil Nitin Mukesh, who went completely nude for a scene shot in jail for Madhur Bhandarkar’s movie. The picture was released much before the movie. Picture of nude Neil Nitin Mukesh released before the movie (gobollywood.com, 2009). This has left the producers with no option but to make movies with more realistic and intelligent subjects than sex. Sex is no longer one of the powers of movies. To retain the power of porn in movies, producers have to take a lot of pain, as Rijsbergen says, Time has come to start a new movement inventing new images of sexuality and pornography. Time has come for a new Jan Wolkers, male or female, someone who can write powerful stories of authentic sexuality. Time has come for all kinds of individuals in the media, art and literature to invigorate the tired imagery of commercial porn. (Mystery Man on Film, 2007). Producers have started to make excellent use of technology for ma ss destruction particularly in action movies like Matrix and Spiderman. With the availability of all types of technologies, film producers are in a position to portray their wildest fantasies about action.

Market Analysis and Prospects for Timber Buildings in The Developing Essay

Market Analysis and Prospects for Timber Buildings in The Developing World - Essay Example The rapid growth in industrialization, urbanization and civilization brought many problems by which not only human beings but also all the other livening things are suffering and our entire planet has come in danger. It has been now the major priority to save our planet from being deteriorated. In such a situation before creating anything the environmental factor is taken into consideration. Construction line is also not at all exceptional. Today as all of us are acquainted with the drawbacks of the concrete or steel buildings, it has become necessary to think the other alternatives which the environment also will accept and it won’t be harmful to the environment. The research paper aims at investigating how beneficial it will be to use the timber in constructing the buildings. The objective of this research therefore is to study different benefits of using timber in building material. It is also the aim of this research to find out the profitability in using timber for constructing the buildings and houses in rural and urban areas in developing world. For this the scientific, ecological benefits are analysed and the future market of timber buildings is also focussed. The project represents a significant portion of the final year work of a degree programme. Progress during the year and the final report are both used as part of the assessment process. For this 150 hours have been spend in research and preparation of the final report. The topic for the research project is the â€Å"Market Analysis and Prospects of Timber Buildings in Developing World.† Timber has been an ideal material for building. Historically it is proved that wood has an inherent strength and durability and that is why it is an ideal material for building. Today when the architects and engineers plan to build the buildings they look at timber as their preference. In ancient time the man used to build the houses made by the Lignocelluloses

Construction of School Building Project Proposal

Construction of School Building Project Proposal 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tanzania after realizing the fact that education is a sure means towards the improvement of the countrys economy; it formulated the Education and Training Policy year 1995 which integrated in the formal school system what was called. This is for children aged between 3 years and 6years. The major objective is to introduce pre-schools in every primary school. The government wants these pre-schools to be run by local governments, private institutions and individuals to build and operate pre-schools. The major objective of initiating per-schools is to bring up children by promoting and enriching the experiences so far acquired by the children from community and family in such areas as religion, languages, culture, health care etc. At primary and secondary school levels the government aims at improving access and enrolment levels due to the fact that in the past the education system was characterized by high drop-out rates mainly due to poor teaching methods by Universal Primary Education (UPE) teachers who were themselves failures at primary school levels. The policy was passed by the government after realizing the fact that early childhood education leaves an imprint in the childs mind and it is a significant factor in the mental and social development of children. The government puts stress on this type of education in its effort to develop the countrys human resources. It is from this need that Agape Love Education Centre builds its foundation to explore this opportunity by coming up with a vision of setting up the Centre for early childhood to access which will help to prevent stunted cognitive development of child and is reputed for facilitating better future performance in school. Agape Love Education Centre will offer pre-primary education, primary education and secondary education. Secondary education will consist of ordinary level and high school level. It is estimated that first phase of its construction will be done in the first five years. 2.0 INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Education Brief overview According to Tanzania Education and Training policy (1995), the United Republic of Tanzania has realized that quality education is the pillar of national development, for it is through education that the nation obtains skilled manpower to serve in various sector in the nations economy.   It is through quality education Tanzania will be able to create a strong and competitive economy which can effectively cope with the challenges of development and which can also easily and confidently adapt to the changing market and technological conditions in the region and global economy. The structure of the Formal Education and Training System in Tanzania constitutes two (2) years of pre-primary education, seven (7) years of primary education, four (4) years of Junior Secondary (Ordinary Level), two (2) years of Senior Secondary (Advanced Level) and up to three (3) or more years of Tertiary Education.   In short 2:7:4:2:3. Specifically, the education system has three (3) levels, namely: Basic, Secondary and Tertiary Levels. The Scope of the project proposal document This project proposal is about education centre construction of which will be known as Agape Love Education Centre. Upon completion, it will have pre-primary education, primary education and secondary education. Secondary education will consist of ordinary level and high school level. The official language will be English, which will be used at all levels. As mentioned earlier, the scope of this project proposal will be to construct the education centre within five years, whereby pre-primary school and primary school will start simultaneously in one year while building construction will be progressing. Ordinary secondary school is planned to commence in year three and advanced level in year four. The general goal of this school is to have a school centre which will offer education of high quality basing on Tanzania Ministry of Education curriculum. This centre will provide accommodation to those who are coming from a distant area and also provide tea as well as lunch to those who stay at home. The education centre has its plan in future to have branches in different regions depending on availability of fund as it is in the process of requesting grants from the government. This is because Tanzania has made progress in making education as practical and market oriented as possible guided by the government policy of education for self reliance. The subject combinations are tailored towards what is offered in tertiary and higher education THE PROJECT PROPOSAL OUTLINE Basic data summary of the intended project Rationale of the project Background analysis. The relevance of national policies Project appraisal and sensitivity analysis Implementation logical frame Project monitoring and evaluation Risk analysis Conclusion List of reference Annexes BASIC DATA SUMMARY 4.1 Institution Name The name of this project proposal is known as, AGAPE LOVE EDUCATION CENTRE (ALEC). 4.2 Contact name and post For the progress of this project contact Dr. Mwinamila Senior who is the Managing Director of this Centre. 4.3 Project name The project name is EDUCATION CENTRE CONSTRUCTION. 4.4 Project location The project will be located at BUSHUSHU VILLAGE IN .SHINYANGA MUNICIPALITY Project buildings will be constructed at Bushushu Village which is situated five (5) kilometres from Shinyanga Municipality and about one (1) kilometre from Old Shinyanga road along Kahama Shinyanga Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (KASHWASA) Offices. Electricity from the main grid at Shinyanga rural passes through the village and is about five hundred (500) meters from the site where the school buildings will be constructed. Piped water from the main pipe to Shinyanga municipal is available at the village extension pipe to the school. The water table in the area is very high and the school Administration may sink one or two wells to supplement the schools water supply. Bushushu village is within Kambarage ward, Shinyanga Rural District in Shinyanga Municipal. 4.5 Project Area The total area made available to Agape Love Education Centre is about eight (8) hectares and this will be used for the constructions of buildings, basketball, netball court, football pitch, short put, high jump, long green areas and gardens land is not a problem around the area and if the school will need more land it will have to apply for such land and it will not be difficult at all to be allocated such land. 4.6 Project summary ` 4.6.1 Problem statement The project is in line with government efforts to establish as many pre-schools, primary schools and secondary schools as possible so that many children get access to education. Quality basic education is very important to even the poor children. People of Tanzania constitutes empowerment; and it is one of the tools that will empower the country in different aspects of the war against poverty (Refer to Education and Training policy of 1995) 4.6.2 Priority need The priority need of this project proposal is to have an education institution which will join hand with the ministry of educations effort of having a nation with high level of education at all levels; a nation which produces the quality and quantity of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the societys problems in order to meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global at large at affordable costs. 4.6.3 Project objectives `This project proposal has two main objectives as mentioned here under: To respond to the needs of a rapidly growing business and education sector in Shinyanga municipality by producing the quality and quantity of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the societys problems in order to meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global at large at affordable costs. The following objectives will be implemented after getting approval from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. . The School will provide subsidized healthy meals daily to children attending this Centre School. This Centre will continue to raise funds for running the operation of the school by requesting sponsorship for educating the children attending this centre. 4.6.4 Target group The target groups of this project proposal are: The children who currently attend normal Kindergarten, Primary School and Secondary school, as well as the children living in Shinyanga community who need to improve their education level; The teachers who instruct the children according to the Syllabus provided by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training; The supporting administrative and ancillary staff who will facilitate the operation of the school. Parents and guardians in the Shinyanga community who are interested in giving their children the opportunity of education at this education centre. 4.6.5 Project results This project is planned to be constructed at a minimum low cost so as to enable Tanzania community afford to pay the required fees. Construction will be conducted in three phases as follows: Phase one will start in year one, focusing on construction of pre- primary school and other necessary planned buildings. Phase two will follow year two for aiming for construction of primary school class rooms with other necessary planned buildings and phase three will start year four for construction of secondary school class rooms. 4.6.6 Key project activities Key project of Centre will include field activities, building design and construction supervision. All of which will be undertaken by M/s JKM MULTI-CONSULT TANZANIA LTD as a consultant to ensure that costs are not escalated. Some other activities will include: title Deed follow – up, topographical survey, master plan preparation. It will also involve location position of buildings. Streets, green areas, open spaces, play grounds etc. Location positioning of storm water, foul water, sewage system in relation to septic tank and sock pits. Setting out dimensions will involve building lines, setbacks and detailed dimensions between one building and the other. Architectural designs and preliminary stages stage 1 The drawing at this stage will have no detailed dimensions, they will just show schedules of accommodation for ease of getting rough estimated figures of the costs of the project. Working drawing –stage 2 These are details design for construction purposes and preparation of bills of quantities. Engineering design- these are of two types. Structural engineers designs- these are applicable for stored building and are used for soil investigation and foundation engineering. Electrical engineering drawings- these show the layout of electrical fitting and appliances especially for laboratories, computers etc Bills of quantities- these showing detailed breakdowns of materials required for every building and these may be used as tender documents in cases of building contracts. Landscaping Architecture and environmental control- this will ensure beautiful and attractive surroundings through the planting of flower gardens and shade trees. Items (3) through to (10) are some of the activities and services to be performed or carried out by the consultants and will be charged ten percent (10%) of estimated total construction costs as follows:- 4.6.7 Summary of areas built up 1. Secondary School 9,337.0 M2 2. Local Church 1,336.0 M2 3. Primary School 7,306.0 M2 4. Sports Arena 21,578.9 M2 Cost estimates per area. Based upon Unit Cost Method per m2, the following rates have been used:- (i) Secondary School @ Tshs 235,000/= per m2 (ii) Local Church @ Tshs 250,000/= per m2 (iii) Primary School @ Tshs 235,000/= per m2 (iv) Sports Arena @ Tshs 15,000/= per m2 Value per area. 1. Secondary School 2,194,195,000 Tshs 2. Local Church 334,000,000 Tshs 3. Primary School 1,716,910,000 Tshs 4. Sports Arena 323,683,500 Tshs Total 4,568,788,500 Tshs Add: 30% Infrastructures 1,507,700,205.00 10% Consultancy Fees 456,878,850.00 Total Construction Costs Shs 6,533,367,555.00 Other operational costs 1,031,632,445.00 Grand Total Costs 7,565,000,000.00 4.6.8 Project Feasibility study This covers all aspects of the project, describing in details all activities and finances involved. (Refer Annex No. I) 4.6.9 Project budgets In our project this will be our projection of source of income and our plan how are we going to spend this limited resources as expenses over a specified period of time. (Refer Annex No.1) 4.6.10 Project duration The project proposal duration will be for five years which will be preceded with final evaluations that will be conducted at the end of five years. This evaluation intends to make an extensive review of the whole project to see its sustainability for its the long run. 5.0 PROJECT RATIONALE 5.1 Background 5.1.1 Involvement and Experience The project will involve different stakeholders in the whole process of construction aiming to assist its implementations. These will include: Tanzania Building Agency for examining the Architectural designs part of the whole project. Tanzania Ministry of Education for monitoring the whole project and issue license. M/s JKM Multi-Consult Tanzania Ltd a consultant firm for supervision of the project. The society of Shinyanga municipality as stake holders for their children. The sponsors from Postal Bank Tanzania LTD Project team 5.1.2 Experience M/S JKM MULTI-CONSULT TANZANIA LDT. This is a consultant firm whose offices are situated at Kibaha Mailimoja. It is a new firm recently registered with the registrar of companies under the Companies Ordinance (cap 212), but its staffs are backed up with vast experience in the building design and construction industry as well as projects planning; project appraisal and financial management acquired while working with other firm. 5.1.3 Consultation and participation The project has also involved some experts especially for works like, conducting project feasibility study, design and drawings, buildings constructions, risk analysis, project evaluation etc. For instance, buildings constructions have been undertaken by M/S JKM MULTI-CONSULT TANZANIA LTD. This is a firm of consults whose offices are situated at Kibaha Mailimoja. It is a new firm recently registered with the registrar of companies under the Companies Ordinance (cap 212), but its staffs are backed up with vast experience in the building design and construction industry as well as projects planning; project appraisal and financial management acquired while working with other firm:- 5.1.4 Policies or development strategy This school centre is aiming to be the leading centre academically, socially, environmentally in the country. For this centre to meet these goals some policies and strategies have been put in place. Some of them include: to recruit skilled and experienced teaching staff and non teaching staff, to have in job training plan for all workers, to motivate all workers whose performance in every speciality will be excellent and to continue revising different policies wherever possible for the purpose of improvement etc. 5.1.5 Project approach 5.1.5.1 Goals The project goal is mainly for the construction of buildings for the pre-school, primary school and secondary school for the purpose of providing education. The buildings will cater for learning and boarding requirement of all pupils and students; plus the accommodation requirements of the teachers other school staff. The students and pupils physical fitness requirements will be met by having a sports arena in the school and grounds. ` 5.1.5.2 Objective and output The main objective is to respond to the needs of a rapidly growing business and education sector in Shinyanga municipality by producing the quality and quantity of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the societys problems in order to meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global at large at affordable costs. This will be met by having Agape Love Education Centre in place. 5.1.5.3 Main activities The main activities and cost estimate involved are summarized below as:- Project Capital Costs. Project costs are divided into various types namely: investment costs which fall into several categories: Buildings construction costs These are costs incurred in the construction of school buildings and infrastructure. Total construction costs T.shs 4,568,788,500/= Add: infrastructure 30% T. shs 1,507,700,205/= Add: 10% consultancy fees T. shs 456,878,850/= Total costs T. shs 6,533,367,555/= Office Furniture and equipment costs. These are furniture and equipment which will be purchased to furnish the schools. Offices furnish and equipment will be purchased in phases as more classes and offices are constructing red to completion. No definite phasing has been put in place because the phasing will depend on availability of funds. Total costs to purchase furniture and equipment stand at T. shs 168,930,000/=. Laboratory Equipment costs Every secondary school worth the name must have facilities for laboratories where laboratory equipments are a necessity. Agape Love Education Secondary school will have Biology laboratory, Physics laboratory and Chemistry laboratory which will be equipped appropriately. Biology laboratory equipment T.shs 12,000,000/= Chemistry laboratory equipment T.shs 18,000,000/= Physics laboratory equipment T.shs 20,000,000/= Total costs T.shs 50,000,000/= Purchase of school Van 31/4 tons A van will have to be bought for the school so as to cater for all transport requirements of the school. Purchase of Van 31/4 tons year five will cost T.shs 22,000,000/= Purchases of washing machine This will cater for washing all the school bed sheets etc T.shs 693,500/= Other costs are for the purchase of furniture and Equipment estimated at TSH 168,930,000/= Laboratory equipment for Physics, Chemistry and Biology laboratories will cost about TSH 50,000,000/= Total Capital costs Shs. 6,807,105,985/= 6.0 PROJECT APPARAISAL AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 6.1 Project Appraisal   Business dictionary defined project appraisal as a systematic and comprehensive review of the economic, environmental, financial, social, and technical and other such aspects of a project to determine if it will meet its objectives. 6.2 Operational necessity Every project proposal should pass through this criterion for appraisal. In our education centre, this analysis will assist to determine the merit and acceptability of our school centre in accordance with under laid established criteria. This will be the final step before our project is accepted for financing. It helps us know that our project is feasible against the situation on the ground that the objectives set remain appropriate and that costs are reasonable. 6.3Project appraisal methods 6.3.1Social appraisal A social appraisal will help us review the project design and the process of project identification by implementing and monitoring its progress, from a social perspective. Particular attention will be paid to the likely impact of the project on different stakeholders, their opportunities for participation, and the projects contribution to poverty reduction. 6.3.2 Institutional appraisal This will help us ensures that the supporting institutions are in place and that they can operate effectively within the existing legislative and policy environment. This project has identified opportunities for institutional strengthening and capacity building at a relative cost. 6.3.3 Economic and financial appraisal This helped our project to make an analysis of economic soundness of the project and quantification and valuation of costs and benefits that ensured our financial viability. 6.3.4 Environmental appraisal The plan was made to invite the government specialists in environmental appraisal Environmental Assessment (EA) will assist us to meet one of our goals of having a school centre with a conducive academic environment. Most countries have environment impact assessment (EIA) policy and supporting legislation. Traditionally, EIA will be designed to operate at our project level to help us identify impacts and mitigation measures for this project. 6.3.5 Technical appraisal Technically, this project is going to be feasible as Shinyanga municipal is highly populated. During the time of conducting technical appraisal, a comprehensive review of all technical aspects of the project such as rendering judgment on merits of technical proposals and operating costs will be clearly seen. Some of a checklist that will be used is: To prove or test the technology that will be used to implement the entire tasks. To have a list of equipment and machinery to be installed with their cost and specifications. To know the equipment capacity and whether it is as per requirement etc. 6.3.5 Project Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis will be done in our project to help us determine which variables have the most potential to affect this project. These variables include: task duration,  Ã‚   task start time, and success rate and costs risks. 7.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Activity plan 7.1.1Project activities Here under are estimated activities that will be carried out in a specified estimated period of time. S/NO Activities Year 1 Year2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1 Fund solicitation 2 Buildings constructions 3 Purchase of office furniture 4 Laboratory equipment 5 Purchase of school van 6 Pupils registration 7 Risk analysis 8 Monitoring and evaluation 9 Budget preparation 10 School registration process 11 Recruitment of non and teaching staff 7.1.2 Management arrangement 7.1.2.1 Project personnel In every project human resource is very important to ensure that tasks are performed as planned. This includes project manager and project team. 7.1.2.1Individual roles In our project, every project team member will have a certain role assigned to perform at a specified period of time so as to accomplish our goal. 7.1.2.2 Communication mechanisms In our project this mechanism will help Create a document showing the needs to be kept informed about the project and how they will receive the information. The most common mechanism is a weekly or monthly progress report, describing how the project is performing, milestones achieved and work planned for the next period. 7.1.2.3 Project timing and scheduling In carrying out project tasks resources have been allocated to meet activities scheduled so as meet the allocated time. This ha been helped us to determine schedule dates on which activities should be performed this goes hand by hand with resource scheduling. This involves many considerations such as logistics and customer needs. 7.1.2.4 Project budget According to Dr. Magigi Mwaitete lecture notice, a budget is a financial plan that is prepared and approved prior to the budget period and may show income, expenditure and the capital to be employed. A budget may be for the business as a whole departments function such as sales and production. 7.1.2.5 Project financial report 7.1.2.5.1 Balance sheet Atrill McLaney (2008) defined a balance sheet as a statement of financial position that show the assets of a business and the claims on those assets (Refer Table 6) 7.1.2.5.2 Income statement According to Atrill McLaney (2008) Income statement is a statement that measures and reports the profit or loss the business has generated during a period. It is derived by deducting from total revenue for a period, the total expenses associated with that revenue. (Refer Table 7) 7.1.2.5.3 Cash flow statement According to Burke (2008) Cash flow statement is a document which models the flow of money in and out of the project reported in a monthly basis. (Refer Table 5) 7.1.2.6 Project monitoring and evaluation 7.1.2.6.1 Monitoring According to Choudhury S (2004) monitoring is referred to as checking how much has been done and what needs to be done for accomplishments of the project tasks. 7.1.2.6.2 Evaluation Ngailo (2007) defined project evaluation as systematic investigative information that help determine whether the project is proceeding as planned and is meeting the stated programme goals and project objectives according to the proposed timeline. 8.0 PROJECT RISK ANALYSIS 8.1 Rationale of project risks analysis According to Dr. Magigi Mwaitete Lacture notice. a risk is defined as an uncertain event which should it occur, will have an effect on the project meeting its objectives. The rationale of project risk analysis is to reduce the probability and impact of threats and to increase the probability of opportunities and/or their positive impact. 8.2 Typical source of project risks In most likely any project may be faced by some of these risks: Legal (patents and lawsuits), changes in technology (does your software project need to support Windows Vista?), natural hazards and conditions (have you seen the latest volcano news?), eenvironmental (does a protected or rare species lie in your freeway path?) 8.3 Countermeasures for project risks In our project we have looked at this part critically from the planning stage. Under this part we carried out the quantitative analysis by involving different experts brainstorming with them, and consulting other skilled people to ensure that we review a history of our project where necessary to make the proper judgments. As a result we listed some risks prioritized by probability and impact for us to avoid, ignore, or accommodate different impacts likely to happen. 9.0 CONCLUSION The Agape Love Education Center continues to demonstrate its commitment to the development of Shinyanga region by submitting this five year project proposal document for approval and in so doing it continues to fulfil one of the objectives of the Ministry of Education and Vocation Training of participating in the development of the population of Shinyanga region and the rest of the regions. The Agape School centre aims to make many children in the Shinyanga community for the coming five years feel happy by providing a high standard of education in particular for pre-school, primary school, secondary school, and high school. Construction of School Building Project Proposal Construction of School Building Project Proposal 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tanzania after realizing the fact that education is a sure means towards the improvement of the countrys economy; it formulated the Education and Training Policy year 1995 which integrated in the formal school system what was called. This is for children aged between 3 years and 6years. The major objective is to introduce pre-schools in every primary school. The government wants these pre-schools to be run by local governments, private institutions and individuals to build and operate pre-schools. The major objective of initiating per-schools is to bring up children by promoting and enriching the experiences so far acquired by the children from community and family in such areas as religion, languages, culture, health care etc. At primary and secondary school levels the government aims at improving access and enrolment levels due to the fact that in the past the education system was characterized by high drop-out rates mainly due to poor teaching methods by Universal Primary Education (UPE) teachers who were themselves failures at primary school levels. The policy was passed by the government after realizing the fact that early childhood education leaves an imprint in the childs mind and it is a significant factor in the mental and social development of children. The government puts stress on this type of education in its effort to develop the countrys human resources. It is from this need that Agape Love Education Centre builds its foundation to explore this opportunity by coming up with a vision of setting up the Centre for early childhood to access which will help to prevent stunted cognitive development of child and is reputed for facilitating better future performance in school. Agape Love Education Centre will offer pre-primary education, primary education and secondary education. Secondary education will consist of ordinary level and high school level. It is estimated that first phase of its construction will be done in the first five years. 2.0 INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Education Brief overview According to Tanzania Education and Training policy (1995), the United Republic of Tanzania has realized that quality education is the pillar of national development, for it is through education that the nation obtains skilled manpower to serve in various sector in the nations economy.   It is through quality education Tanzania will be able to create a strong and competitive economy which can effectively cope with the challenges of development and which can also easily and confidently adapt to the changing market and technological conditions in the region and global economy. The structure of the Formal Education and Training System in Tanzania constitutes two (2) years of pre-primary education, seven (7) years of primary education, four (4) years of Junior Secondary (Ordinary Level), two (2) years of Senior Secondary (Advanced Level) and up to three (3) or more years of Tertiary Education.   In short 2:7:4:2:3. Specifically, the education system has three (3) levels, namely: Basic, Secondary and Tertiary Levels. The Scope of the project proposal document This project proposal is about education centre construction of which will be known as Agape Love Education Centre. Upon completion, it will have pre-primary education, primary education and secondary education. Secondary education will consist of ordinary level and high school level. The official language will be English, which will be used at all levels. As mentioned earlier, the scope of this project proposal will be to construct the education centre within five years, whereby pre-primary school and primary school will start simultaneously in one year while building construction will be progressing. Ordinary secondary school is planned to commence in year three and advanced level in year four. The general goal of this school is to have a school centre which will offer education of high quality basing on Tanzania Ministry of Education curriculum. This centre will provide accommodation to those who are coming from a distant area and also provide tea as well as lunch to those who stay at home. The education centre has its plan in future to have branches in different regions depending on availability of fund as it is in the process of requesting grants from the government. This is because Tanzania has made progress in making education as practical and market oriented as possible guided by the government policy of education for self reliance. The subject combinations are tailored towards what is offered in tertiary and higher education THE PROJECT PROPOSAL OUTLINE Basic data summary of the intended project Rationale of the project Background analysis. The relevance of national policies Project appraisal and sensitivity analysis Implementation logical frame Project monitoring and evaluation Risk analysis Conclusion List of reference Annexes BASIC DATA SUMMARY 4.1 Institution Name The name of this project proposal is known as, AGAPE LOVE EDUCATION CENTRE (ALEC). 4.2 Contact name and post For the progress of this project contact Dr. Mwinamila Senior who is the Managing Director of this Centre. 4.3 Project name The project name is EDUCATION CENTRE CONSTRUCTION. 4.4 Project location The project will be located at BUSHUSHU VILLAGE IN .SHINYANGA MUNICIPALITY Project buildings will be constructed at Bushushu Village which is situated five (5) kilometres from Shinyanga Municipality and about one (1) kilometre from Old Shinyanga road along Kahama Shinyanga Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (KASHWASA) Offices. Electricity from the main grid at Shinyanga rural passes through the village and is about five hundred (500) meters from the site where the school buildings will be constructed. Piped water from the main pipe to Shinyanga municipal is available at the village extension pipe to the school. The water table in the area is very high and the school Administration may sink one or two wells to supplement the schools water supply. Bushushu village is within Kambarage ward, Shinyanga Rural District in Shinyanga Municipal. 4.5 Project Area The total area made available to Agape Love Education Centre is about eight (8) hectares and this will be used for the constructions of buildings, basketball, netball court, football pitch, short put, high jump, long green areas and gardens land is not a problem around the area and if the school will need more land it will have to apply for such land and it will not be difficult at all to be allocated such land. 4.6 Project summary ` 4.6.1 Problem statement The project is in line with government efforts to establish as many pre-schools, primary schools and secondary schools as possible so that many children get access to education. Quality basic education is very important to even the poor children. People of Tanzania constitutes empowerment; and it is one of the tools that will empower the country in different aspects of the war against poverty (Refer to Education and Training policy of 1995) 4.6.2 Priority need The priority need of this project proposal is to have an education institution which will join hand with the ministry of educations effort of having a nation with high level of education at all levels; a nation which produces the quality and quantity of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the societys problems in order to meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global at large at affordable costs. 4.6.3 Project objectives `This project proposal has two main objectives as mentioned here under: To respond to the needs of a rapidly growing business and education sector in Shinyanga municipality by producing the quality and quantity of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the societys problems in order to meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global at large at affordable costs. The following objectives will be implemented after getting approval from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. . The School will provide subsidized healthy meals daily to children attending this Centre School. This Centre will continue to raise funds for running the operation of the school by requesting sponsorship for educating the children attending this centre. 4.6.4 Target group The target groups of this project proposal are: The children who currently attend normal Kindergarten, Primary School and Secondary school, as well as the children living in Shinyanga community who need to improve their education level; The teachers who instruct the children according to the Syllabus provided by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training; The supporting administrative and ancillary staff who will facilitate the operation of the school. Parents and guardians in the Shinyanga community who are interested in giving their children the opportunity of education at this education centre. 4.6.5 Project results This project is planned to be constructed at a minimum low cost so as to enable Tanzania community afford to pay the required fees. Construction will be conducted in three phases as follows: Phase one will start in year one, focusing on construction of pre- primary school and other necessary planned buildings. Phase two will follow year two for aiming for construction of primary school class rooms with other necessary planned buildings and phase three will start year four for construction of secondary school class rooms. 4.6.6 Key project activities Key project of Centre will include field activities, building design and construction supervision. All of which will be undertaken by M/s JKM MULTI-CONSULT TANZANIA LTD as a consultant to ensure that costs are not escalated. Some other activities will include: title Deed follow – up, topographical survey, master plan preparation. It will also involve location position of buildings. Streets, green areas, open spaces, play grounds etc. Location positioning of storm water, foul water, sewage system in relation to septic tank and sock pits. Setting out dimensions will involve building lines, setbacks and detailed dimensions between one building and the other. Architectural designs and preliminary stages stage 1 The drawing at this stage will have no detailed dimensions, they will just show schedules of accommodation for ease of getting rough estimated figures of the costs of the project. Working drawing –stage 2 These are details design for construction purposes and preparation of bills of quantities. Engineering design- these are of two types. Structural engineers designs- these are applicable for stored building and are used for soil investigation and foundation engineering. Electrical engineering drawings- these show the layout of electrical fitting and appliances especially for laboratories, computers etc Bills of quantities- these showing detailed breakdowns of materials required for every building and these may be used as tender documents in cases of building contracts. Landscaping Architecture and environmental control- this will ensure beautiful and attractive surroundings through the planting of flower gardens and shade trees. Items (3) through to (10) are some of the activities and services to be performed or carried out by the consultants and will be charged ten percent (10%) of estimated total construction costs as follows:- 4.6.7 Summary of areas built up 1. Secondary School 9,337.0 M2 2. Local Church 1,336.0 M2 3. Primary School 7,306.0 M2 4. Sports Arena 21,578.9 M2 Cost estimates per area. Based upon Unit Cost Method per m2, the following rates have been used:- (i) Secondary School @ Tshs 235,000/= per m2 (ii) Local Church @ Tshs 250,000/= per m2 (iii) Primary School @ Tshs 235,000/= per m2 (iv) Sports Arena @ Tshs 15,000/= per m2 Value per area. 1. Secondary School 2,194,195,000 Tshs 2. Local Church 334,000,000 Tshs 3. Primary School 1,716,910,000 Tshs 4. Sports Arena 323,683,500 Tshs Total 4,568,788,500 Tshs Add: 30% Infrastructures 1,507,700,205.00 10% Consultancy Fees 456,878,850.00 Total Construction Costs Shs 6,533,367,555.00 Other operational costs 1,031,632,445.00 Grand Total Costs 7,565,000,000.00 4.6.8 Project Feasibility study This covers all aspects of the project, describing in details all activities and finances involved. (Refer Annex No. I) 4.6.9 Project budgets In our project this will be our projection of source of income and our plan how are we going to spend this limited resources as expenses over a specified period of time. (Refer Annex No.1) 4.6.10 Project duration The project proposal duration will be for five years which will be preceded with final evaluations that will be conducted at the end of five years. This evaluation intends to make an extensive review of the whole project to see its sustainability for its the long run. 5.0 PROJECT RATIONALE 5.1 Background 5.1.1 Involvement and Experience The project will involve different stakeholders in the whole process of construction aiming to assist its implementations. These will include: Tanzania Building Agency for examining the Architectural designs part of the whole project. Tanzania Ministry of Education for monitoring the whole project and issue license. M/s JKM Multi-Consult Tanzania Ltd a consultant firm for supervision of the project. The society of Shinyanga municipality as stake holders for their children. The sponsors from Postal Bank Tanzania LTD Project team 5.1.2 Experience M/S JKM MULTI-CONSULT TANZANIA LDT. This is a consultant firm whose offices are situated at Kibaha Mailimoja. It is a new firm recently registered with the registrar of companies under the Companies Ordinance (cap 212), but its staffs are backed up with vast experience in the building design and construction industry as well as projects planning; project appraisal and financial management acquired while working with other firm. 5.1.3 Consultation and participation The project has also involved some experts especially for works like, conducting project feasibility study, design and drawings, buildings constructions, risk analysis, project evaluation etc. For instance, buildings constructions have been undertaken by M/S JKM MULTI-CONSULT TANZANIA LTD. This is a firm of consults whose offices are situated at Kibaha Mailimoja. It is a new firm recently registered with the registrar of companies under the Companies Ordinance (cap 212), but its staffs are backed up with vast experience in the building design and construction industry as well as projects planning; project appraisal and financial management acquired while working with other firm:- 5.1.4 Policies or development strategy This school centre is aiming to be the leading centre academically, socially, environmentally in the country. For this centre to meet these goals some policies and strategies have been put in place. Some of them include: to recruit skilled and experienced teaching staff and non teaching staff, to have in job training plan for all workers, to motivate all workers whose performance in every speciality will be excellent and to continue revising different policies wherever possible for the purpose of improvement etc. 5.1.5 Project approach 5.1.5.1 Goals The project goal is mainly for the construction of buildings for the pre-school, primary school and secondary school for the purpose of providing education. The buildings will cater for learning and boarding requirement of all pupils and students; plus the accommodation requirements of the teachers other school staff. The students and pupils physical fitness requirements will be met by having a sports arena in the school and grounds. ` 5.1.5.2 Objective and output The main objective is to respond to the needs of a rapidly growing business and education sector in Shinyanga municipality by producing the quality and quantity of educated people sufficiently equipped with the requisite knowledge to solve the societys problems in order to meet the challenges of development and attain competitiveness at regional and global at large at affordable costs. This will be met by having Agape Love Education Centre in place. 5.1.5.3 Main activities The main activities and cost estimate involved are summarized below as:- Project Capital Costs. Project costs are divided into various types namely: investment costs which fall into several categories: Buildings construction costs These are costs incurred in the construction of school buildings and infrastructure. Total construction costs T.shs 4,568,788,500/= Add: infrastructure 30% T. shs 1,507,700,205/= Add: 10% consultancy fees T. shs 456,878,850/= Total costs T. shs 6,533,367,555/= Office Furniture and equipment costs. These are furniture and equipment which will be purchased to furnish the schools. Offices furnish and equipment will be purchased in phases as more classes and offices are constructing red to completion. No definite phasing has been put in place because the phasing will depend on availability of funds. Total costs to purchase furniture and equipment stand at T. shs 168,930,000/=. Laboratory Equipment costs Every secondary school worth the name must have facilities for laboratories where laboratory equipments are a necessity. Agape Love Education Secondary school will have Biology laboratory, Physics laboratory and Chemistry laboratory which will be equipped appropriately. Biology laboratory equipment T.shs 12,000,000/= Chemistry laboratory equipment T.shs 18,000,000/= Physics laboratory equipment T.shs 20,000,000/= Total costs T.shs 50,000,000/= Purchase of school Van 31/4 tons A van will have to be bought for the school so as to cater for all transport requirements of the school. Purchase of Van 31/4 tons year five will cost T.shs 22,000,000/= Purchases of washing machine This will cater for washing all the school bed sheets etc T.shs 693,500/= Other costs are for the purchase of furniture and Equipment estimated at TSH 168,930,000/= Laboratory equipment for Physics, Chemistry and Biology laboratories will cost about TSH 50,000,000/= Total Capital costs Shs. 6,807,105,985/= 6.0 PROJECT APPARAISAL AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 6.1 Project Appraisal   Business dictionary defined project appraisal as a systematic and comprehensive review of the economic, environmental, financial, social, and technical and other such aspects of a project to determine if it will meet its objectives. 6.2 Operational necessity Every project proposal should pass through this criterion for appraisal. In our education centre, this analysis will assist to determine the merit and acceptability of our school centre in accordance with under laid established criteria. This will be the final step before our project is accepted for financing. It helps us know that our project is feasible against the situation on the ground that the objectives set remain appropriate and that costs are reasonable. 6.3Project appraisal methods 6.3.1Social appraisal A social appraisal will help us review the project design and the process of project identification by implementing and monitoring its progress, from a social perspective. Particular attention will be paid to the likely impact of the project on different stakeholders, their opportunities for participation, and the projects contribution to poverty reduction. 6.3.2 Institutional appraisal This will help us ensures that the supporting institutions are in place and that they can operate effectively within the existing legislative and policy environment. This project has identified opportunities for institutional strengthening and capacity building at a relative cost. 6.3.3 Economic and financial appraisal This helped our project to make an analysis of economic soundness of the project and quantification and valuation of costs and benefits that ensured our financial viability. 6.3.4 Environmental appraisal The plan was made to invite the government specialists in environmental appraisal Environmental Assessment (EA) will assist us to meet one of our goals of having a school centre with a conducive academic environment. Most countries have environment impact assessment (EIA) policy and supporting legislation. Traditionally, EIA will be designed to operate at our project level to help us identify impacts and mitigation measures for this project. 6.3.5 Technical appraisal Technically, this project is going to be feasible as Shinyanga municipal is highly populated. During the time of conducting technical appraisal, a comprehensive review of all technical aspects of the project such as rendering judgment on merits of technical proposals and operating costs will be clearly seen. Some of a checklist that will be used is: To prove or test the technology that will be used to implement the entire tasks. To have a list of equipment and machinery to be installed with their cost and specifications. To know the equipment capacity and whether it is as per requirement etc. 6.3.5 Project Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis will be done in our project to help us determine which variables have the most potential to affect this project. These variables include: task duration,  Ã‚   task start time, and success rate and costs risks. 7.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Activity plan 7.1.1Project activities Here under are estimated activities that will be carried out in a specified estimated period of time. S/NO Activities Year 1 Year2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1 Fund solicitation 2 Buildings constructions 3 Purchase of office furniture 4 Laboratory equipment 5 Purchase of school van 6 Pupils registration 7 Risk analysis 8 Monitoring and evaluation 9 Budget preparation 10 School registration process 11 Recruitment of non and teaching staff 7.1.2 Management arrangement 7.1.2.1 Project personnel In every project human resource is very important to ensure that tasks are performed as planned. This includes project manager and project team. 7.1.2.1Individual roles In our project, every project team member will have a certain role assigned to perform at a specified period of time so as to accomplish our goal. 7.1.2.2 Communication mechanisms In our project this mechanism will help Create a document showing the needs to be kept informed about the project and how they will receive the information. The most common mechanism is a weekly or monthly progress report, describing how the project is performing, milestones achieved and work planned for the next period. 7.1.2.3 Project timing and scheduling In carrying out project tasks resources have been allocated to meet activities scheduled so as meet the allocated time. This ha been helped us to determine schedule dates on which activities should be performed this goes hand by hand with resource scheduling. This involves many considerations such as logistics and customer needs. 7.1.2.4 Project budget According to Dr. Magigi Mwaitete lecture notice, a budget is a financial plan that is prepared and approved prior to the budget period and may show income, expenditure and the capital to be employed. A budget may be for the business as a whole departments function such as sales and production. 7.1.2.5 Project financial report 7.1.2.5.1 Balance sheet Atrill McLaney (2008) defined a balance sheet as a statement of financial position that show the assets of a business and the claims on those assets (Refer Table 6) 7.1.2.5.2 Income statement According to Atrill McLaney (2008) Income statement is a statement that measures and reports the profit or loss the business has generated during a period. It is derived by deducting from total revenue for a period, the total expenses associated with that revenue. (Refer Table 7) 7.1.2.5.3 Cash flow statement According to Burke (2008) Cash flow statement is a document which models the flow of money in and out of the project reported in a monthly basis. (Refer Table 5) 7.1.2.6 Project monitoring and evaluation 7.1.2.6.1 Monitoring According to Choudhury S (2004) monitoring is referred to as checking how much has been done and what needs to be done for accomplishments of the project tasks. 7.1.2.6.2 Evaluation Ngailo (2007) defined project evaluation as systematic investigative information that help determine whether the project is proceeding as planned and is meeting the stated programme goals and project objectives according to the proposed timeline. 8.0 PROJECT RISK ANALYSIS 8.1 Rationale of project risks analysis According to Dr. Magigi Mwaitete Lacture notice. a risk is defined as an uncertain event which should it occur, will have an effect on the project meeting its objectives. The rationale of project risk analysis is to reduce the probability and impact of threats and to increase the probability of opportunities and/or their positive impact. 8.2 Typical source of project risks In most likely any project may be faced by some of these risks: Legal (patents and lawsuits), changes in technology (does your software project need to support Windows Vista?), natural hazards and conditions (have you seen the latest volcano news?), eenvironmental (does a protected or rare species lie in your freeway path?) 8.3 Countermeasures for project risks In our project we have looked at this part critically from the planning stage. Under this part we carried out the quantitative analysis by involving different experts brainstorming with them, and consulting other skilled people to ensure that we review a history of our project where necessary to make the proper judgments. As a result we listed some risks prioritized by probability and impact for us to avoid, ignore, or accommodate different impacts likely to happen. 9.0 CONCLUSION The Agape Love Education Center continues to demonstrate its commitment to the development of Shinyanga region by submitting this five year project proposal document for approval and in so doing it continues to fulfil one of the objectives of the Ministry of Education and Vocation Training of participating in the development of the population of Shinyanga region and the rest of the regions. The Agape School centre aims to make many children in the Shinyanga community for the coming five years feel happy by providing a high standard of education in particular for pre-school, primary school, secondary school, and high school.